Balanced Pressure Drilling: In the process of drilling, a drilling method that always protects borehole pressure equal to formation pressure is called balanced pressure drilling.
Jet drilling: Jet drilling is a drilling method that uses the hydraulic effect of high-speed jet produced by drilling fluid passing through jet bit nozzle to improve the penetration rate.
Cementing: It is to put a certain size casing string into the well and inject cement slurry around it to fix the casing on the wellbore to avoid wellbore collapse. Its purpose is to seal loose, collapsible, leaky and other complex formations; seal oil, gas and water layers to prevent each other from leaking; install wellhead to control oil and gas flow, so as to facilitate drilling or production of oil and gas. Drill pipe formation testing
Drill pipe formation testing: It is an advanced technology that uses drill pipe or tubing to test oil in well with packer formation tester. It can be tested not only in wells with casing, but also in open hole wells without casing. It can be tested both after completion of drilling and during drilling.
Cable formation test: After oil and gas show is found in drilling process, the fluid samples in formation and formation pressure can be measured by cable-driven formation tester, which is called cable formation test. This method is simple and can be repeated many times.
Tubing transmission perforation: tubing transmission perforation is an advanced technology that takes the perforator into the well by the tubing. After perforation, the formation fluid can directly pass through the tubing to cause the surface. It is not necessary to inject a large amount of killing fluid into the well during perforation, so as to avoid bottom hole pollution.
Rock porosity: Rock porosity refers to the ratio of space volume Vp to total volume Vb of rock which is not filled by solid material. Represented by the Greek letter_, its expression is_=V pore/V rock x 100%=Vp/Vb x 100%.
Formation crude oil volume coefficient: Formation crude oil volume coefficient beta o, also known as crude oil underground volume coefficient, or referred to as crude oil volume coefficient. It is the ratio of the volume of crude oil in the ground (that is, the volume of formation oil) to the volume of crude oil after degassing on the ground. The underground volume coefficient of crude oil is always greater than 1.
Fluid saturation: The saturation of a fluid refers to the volume percentage of a fluid in a reservoir rock pore. It indicates the extent to which pore space is occupied by a fluid. When the pore is filled by several phase fluids, the sum of the saturation of these phase fluids is 1 (100%).
Cementing construction process: down casing to predetermined depth loading cement head, circulating mud, grounding surface pipeline beating isolation fluid cementing top plug replacing mud bumping pressure cementing end, waiting for setting.
Completion wellhead device: (1) Casing head - sealing two layers of casing annulus, hanging the second part of casing string and bearing part of the weight; (2) tubing head - bearing taper pipe hanging, connecting the reservoir casing and production tree, blowout gate, pipeline; (3) Oil production tree - controlling oil and gas flow, safe and planned production, completion testing, fluid injection, well killing, oil well wax removal and other operations.
Tail pipe cementing method: Tail pipe cementing is a cementing method in wells with casing in the upper part, which only cements the casing in the open hole section newly drilled in the lower part. There are three ways to fix the tail pipe: the tail pipe base in the bottom hole method; the drilling cement ring suspension method; and the tail pipe hanger suspension method.
